Display: Vanadium crystals and pieces, chromium-vanadium steel tools, vanadinite Pb5(VO4)3)Cl, vanadium oxides – VO2 (dark) and V2O5 (orange)Ĭhromium was first investigated as it produces coloured minerals, which were used as pigments. Vanadium oxides are used as catalysts and as fixes for the dyeing of fabrics. Vanadium is used in alloys to increase strength, most commonly in steels, and in lighter titanium alloys for the aerospace industry. The name rionium, honouring del Rio, was also proposed but not adopted. Sefstrom named the element vanadium after the Norse goddess Vanadis, who amongst other things was the goddess of beauty, reflecting the range of beautiful colours of vanadium compounds, and because the symbol V was not in use. In 1831, vanadium was rediscovered by Nils Gabriel Sefstrom, and del Rio’s work was verified by Friedrich Wohler. However, in 1805 it was claimed that del Rio had mistaken chromium for a new element, causing del Rio to retract his discovery. He then changed the name to erythronium (meaning red in Greek) as many vanadium salts turned red when heated. He named the element panchromium (meaning all-colours in Greek) as it produced salts of many different colours. In 1801, Andres Manuel del Rio discovered vanadium in an ore called brown lead (now called vanadinite).

Display: Titanium metal pellet and rod, titanium oxides – TiO (beige), Ti 2O 3 (purple), TiO 2 (white, also known as titania), titania-containing sunscreen and white paint, and rutilated quartz (quartz contained rutile TiO 2) Titanium alloys are also used in the aerospace industry as they are light, strong and durable. The main use of titanium is as titanium dioxide, used as a white pigment in many applications including paint, toothpaste and sunscreen. Klaproth, upon becoming aware of Gregor’s work, confirmed that he had discovered the same element. In 1795, Martin Heinrich Klaproth independently discovered titanium in the mineral rutile and named it after the Titans of Greek mythology. He concluded that it contained iron oxide and a second oxide which he could not identify, and which he attributed to a new element that he named menachite. William Gregor discovered titanium in 1791 when examining the mineral ilmenite. Display: Scandium metal crystals and bicycle seat post clamp (bolt made from scandium alloy) The main use of scandium is in aluminium alloys to increase their strength for specialised applications in the aerospace industry and for sports equipment. Pure samples of scandium metal were not produced until 1937 as it is neither particularly easy to extract, abundant nor useful. It was detected ten years later in 1879 in the minerals gadolinite and euxenite by Lars Fredrik Nilson who named it after Scandinavia ( Scandia in Latin), as he was Swedish. Hint: Count the number of atoms of each element, and then multiply that number by the element's atomic weight.Scandium was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869 who named it ekaboron. Use the table below to find the atomic weight of each atom (element), or refer to a Periodic Table of the Elements. Let us calculate the molecular weight of some common compounds. For example, in one mole of a chemical compound there are 6.022 x 1023 molecules. One mole of 'something' contains 6.022 x 1023 entities. A mole is the unit that measures the amount of a substance. One thousand mers connected together would add up to a weight of 28,000 grams/mole and would have 6,000 atoms.Ī mole is the standard method in chemistry for communicating how much of a substance is present. We combine (react) many mers of ethylene together to form a polyethylene chain. The atomic weight of carbon is 12 and that of hydrogen is 1, so one mer of ethylene has a weight of 2(12) + 4(1) = 28.

It has a total of 6 atoms: 2 carbon (C) atoms and 4 hydrogen (H) atoms.

The chemical formula for an ethylene monomer is -(CH2-CH2).

In order to calculate the molecular weight of one water molecule, we add the contributions from each atom that is, 2(1) + 1(16) = 18 grams/mole. Using the periodic table of the elements to find atomic weights, we find that hydrogen has an atomic weight of 1, and oxygen's is 16.

The chemical formula for water is H2O, which means this molecule has 3 atoms: 2 of hydrogen (H) and 1 oxygen (O) atom.

Periodic table with with molar mass